词义的选择及其据.ppt

第二周词义的选择及其理据:概念的内涵与外延PartI:ChoicesofSemanticItemsofWordsinTranslationandTheirMotivations:Denotation&Connotation国际商务英语学院国贸1-2班英语笔译课讲义MeaningTypesofWordsDenotativemeaning:a)conceptualorlogicalmeaningofaword;b)beingthenameorsignorsymbolofsth.;c)thedefinitionofawordwhichreferstoathingorobjectoranabstractidea;:large-lonflastingtypeofplant,havingathickcentralwoodenstemfromwhichwoodenbranchesgrow,usuallybearingleavesbook:numberofprintedorwrittensheetsofpaperboundtogetherinacoverduty:moralorlegalobligation;:dishonestbehavor,eptingbribeshappy:feelingorexpressingpleasure,contentmentorsatisfaction,etc.…Father:themaleparentofachildMother:thefemaleparentofchild犊:小牛也Indianmeal——?玉米粥Indiansummer——?小阳春Americanbeauty——?月月红Germanwool——?细毛线drylaw禁酒令fly-boat快艇sweetwater淡水,泉水vitalcapacity肺活量inlabour在分娩butcherpaper一种厚而不透水的纸词组指称意义或所指意义Note:、爱人、夫人、太太、老婆、老 伴、媳妇、堂客、内人、贱内、拙荆马铃薯、洋芋、土豆、山药蛋humanbeing,man,people,person,human,fellow,individual,souldog,hound,spaniel,mastiff,pointer,setter,retriever,terrier搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、扛、背、搂、端、举、夹、捧(carry)Walk(走),saunter(闲逛,漫步),amble(缓行),track(追踪,走),wend(行,走),stride(大步行走),trudge(跋涉),shamble(蹒跚地走,摇摇晃晃地走),prance(昂首阔步),scamper(奔跳),tiptoe(用脚尖走)“范畴”则指表示同类事物的分类与概括性的词语,反映事物的外延,是众多外延上具有同类特征分子的集合。而反映同类事物之间的本质区别性语义特征则是其内涵区别。如“桃树”与“梨树”中的“树”表示二者均具有“树”的属性或特征:一种高大、生长年龄长、并且长有主干和枝、叶,能开花结果的植物;而“桃(树)”与“梨(树)”则反映其本质的区别性特征,主要体现在叶、花与果的差异性,同时,二者又属于“树”的基本范畴。例1)老局长在市里召开的会议上睡着了。Thewordsthatsharethedenotativemeaningof“beinginastateofsleeporbeingalseep”mayincludesleep:nap:(shortsleep,especiallyduringtheday)doze:(shortlightsleep)nod:(letone’sheadfallforwardwhendrowsyoralseep)Connotativemeaning:1)(meaningofwords)suggestinadditiontothemainmeaning;2)distinctivemeaningtootherwordsinthesamecategory;例2)Beaman!Don’tbeawoman!例3)帮助有困难的同学是我们大家的责任。例4)中国人民解放军将保卫祖国视为自己法定的职责。(wordstobechosenfortranslation:responsibility/duty/obligation)duty:legalresponsibility;obli