Chapter3MarketsandWelfare1Consumers,Producers,andtheEfficiencyofMarkets消费者、生产者与市场效率本节我们将探索这些问题的答案Whatisconsumersurplus?Howisitrelatedtothedemandcurve?什么是消费者剩余?它与需求曲线有什么联系?Whatisproducersurplus?Howisitrelatedtothesupplycurve?什么是生产者剩余?它与供给曲线有什么联系?Domarketsproduceadesirableallocationofresources?ebeimprovedupon?市场能使资源达到合意的配置吗?还是市场结果有改善的余地?WelfareEconomicsWelfareeconomicsisthestudyofhowtheallocationofresourcesaffectseconomicwell-。资源配置涉及下述问题:生产什么?生产多少?谁生产?谁消费?hatyouownamint-conditionrecordingofElvisPresley’:买者愿意为某种物品支付的最高量。买方支付意愿John$100Paul80Geoge70Ringo50这张专辑会以什么价格卖给谁?ConsumerSurplusConsumersurplusisthebuyer’。消费者剩余=支付意愿–。TheDemandSchedulePQd$100及以上0100–80180–70270–50350以下4如果有两张专辑,以同一价格出售,会卖给谁?成交价?假设每人只需要一张专辑。买方支付意愿John$100Paul80Geoge70Ringo50TheDemandCurvePriceofAlbum0QuantityofAlbumsDemand1234$100John’swillingnesstopay80Paulswillingnesstopay’eswillingnesstopay’50Ringo’swillingnesstopayABCMeasuringConsumerSurpluswiththeDemandCurve(a)Price=$80PriceofAlbum5070800$100Demand1234QuantityofAlbumsJohn’sconsumersurplus($20)MeasuringConsumerSurpluswiththeDemandCurve(b)Price=$705070800PriceofAlbum$100Demand1234Totalconsumersurplus($40)QuantityofAlbumsJohn’sconsumersurplus($30)Paul’sconsumersurplus($10)总消费者剩余等于需求曲线以下和价格以上的面积。
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