水资源规划及利用的国内外现状.doc

水资源规划及利用的国内外现状
及未来发展趋势
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中文摘要
随着世界各国经济的快速发展和人口的急剧增加,全球性水危机从出现到变得日益严重,已经引起人们的普遍关注。在我国,洪涝灾害、干旱缺水、水生态环境恶化等水问题,已经成为严重威胁社会经济可持续发展的制约因素。近年来,生产、生活需水量不断增长,而水污染、用水浪费与水资源短缺并存,加剧了供需水矛盾,亦导致了一系列的社会经济、生态环境问题。
上世纪90年代初,我国水资源出现严重短缺、水污染不断加重,水资源优化配置的概念在此背景下被明确提出,并逐步应用到水资源的规划与管理中,目前仍处在发展阶段。传统的水资源配置存在强调开发利用而忽视环境保护、强调节水而忽视高效、注重缺水地区的水资源优化配置而忽视水资源充足地区的用水效率的提高、突出水资源的分配效率而忽视行业内部用水合理性等问题,影响了区域经济的发展和水资源的可持续利用。水资源优化配置研究,特别是新理论和新方法的研究,显得尤为迫切。
本文在阅读文献、总结分析当前研究成果的基础上,试图对水资源优化配置
的理论及应用,从面向可持续发展的角度进行探索研究。
【关键词】水资源规划管理可持续利用数学模型
【Abstract】
With the rapid development of the world economy and the rapid increase of population, global water crisis from appear to e increasingly serious, has aroused people's attention. In our country, the flood disaster, dry, water ecological environment deterioration water problems, has e a serious threat to sustainable social and economic factors restricting the development of. In recent years, the production, the water of life is constantly increasing, and water pollution, waste water and water shortages coexist, increased the water supply and demand contradiction, also led to a series of social and economic, ecological environment problems.
In the 1990 s, the water resource in China appear serious shortage, water pollution worse, the concept of the optimal allocation of water resources in this context is put forward, and gradually applied in water resources planning and management, Still in the development stage. The traditional emphasis on development and utilization of water resources allocation and neglect environmental protection, emphasize the water saving and ignore efficiency, pay attention to the optimal allocation of water resources shortage region and ignore the water resource sufficient area to enhance the efficiency of the allocation of water resources, outstanding efficiency and neglected the industry problems such as water inside the rationality, the impact of the regional economic development and sustaina