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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Music Therapy on Anxiety, Stress and
Maternal-fetal Attachment in Pregnant
Women During Transvaginal Ultrasound
Hye Sook Shin1, PhD, RN, Ju Hee Kim2*, RN, RDMS
1Professor, College of Nursing Science Kyung Hee University, Korea
2Doctoral Student, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Korea
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music therapy on anxiety, stress and
maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women during a transvaginal ultrasound.
Methods This study was a nonequivalent control group nonsynchronized design. Pregnant women
(n = 232) were assigned to experimental (n = 117) and control (n = 116) groups respectively. The data were
collected from August 2 to 27, 2010. The experimental group received general prenatal care and single 30-
minute session of music therapy, while the control group received only general prenatal care. Anxiety,
stress, and maternal-fetal attachment was assessed using three self-report measures by State scale of the
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (1976), Pregnant women’s stress scale of Ahn (1984) and Cranley’s (1981)
maternal-fetal attachment scale.
Results The music therapy group showed statistically significant decrease in pared to con-
trol group but no significant difference was identified in stress and maternal-fetal attachment.
Conclusions The finding provides evidence for use of nursing intervention in prenatal care unit to
reduce pregnant women’s anxiety. Further research is necessary to test the benefits of music therapy with
different frequency and duration. [Asian Nursing Research 2011;5(1):19–27]
Key Words anxiety, attachment, music therapy, pregnant stress, ultrasound
INTRODUCTION of the most frequently used diagnostic modalities to
calculate gestational age and evaluate fetal anom-
Most women experience a variety of stress when con- alies in obstetrics (Callen, 2008). However, because
fronting the emotional, physical and soci