英语诗歌分类.ppt

1、十四行诗()源于中世纪民间抒情短诗,十三、十四世纪流行于意大利,意大利彼特拉克(Petrarch)为代表人物,每行十一个音节,全诗一节八行,加一节六行,韵脚用abba,abba,cdcdcd(cdecde)。前八行提问,后六行回答。后来,怀亚特(ThomasWyatt,1503-1542)将十四行诗引人英国,五音步抑扬格,全诗三个四行一个二行,前三节提问,后二句结论。斯宾塞(EdmundSpenser,1552-1599)用韵脚abab,bcbc,cdcd,ee。莎士比亚(WilliamShakespeare,1564-1616)用韵脚abab,cdcd,efef,gg,称英国式或莎士比亚式。2、打油诗(Limericks):通常是小笑话甚至是胡诌,一般没有标题也无作者姓名,含有幽默讽刺性,常运用双关,内韵等手法。每首诗五个诗行,押韵为aabba,格律以抑扬格和抑抑扬格为主。1)TherewasayoungladyofNiggerWhosmiledassherodeonatiger;TheyreturnedfromtherideWiththeladyinside,Andthesmileonthefaceofthetiger.2)AtutorwhotaughtonthefluteTriedtoteachtwotooterstotoot,“Isithardertotoot,orSaidthetwotothetutor,Totutortwotooterstotoot?”3、素体诗(无韵体诗)(BlankVerse):五音步抑扬格,不押韵诗体。theunrhymediambicpentameterlineWilliamWordsworth:ThereWasaBoyTherewasaBoy;yeknewhimwell,yecliffsAndislandsofWinander!manyatime,Atevening,whentheearlieststarsbeganTomovealongtheedgesofthehills,Risingorsetting,wouldhestandalone,Beneaththetrees,orbytheglimmeringlake;Andthere,withfingersinterwoven,bothhandsPressedcloselypalmtopalmandtohismouthUplifted,he,asthroughaninstrument,BlewmimichootingstothesilentowlsThattheymightanswerhim.—AndtheywouldshoutAcrossthewateryvale,andshoutagain,Responsivetohiscall,—withquiveringpeals,Andlonghalloos,andscreams,andechoesloudRedoubledandredoubled;concoursewildOfjocunddin!And,whentherecameapauseOfsilencesuchasbaffledhisbestskill:Then,sometimes,inthatsilence,whilehehungListening,agentleshockofmildsurpriseHascarriedfarintohisheartthevoiceOfmountain-torrents;orthevisiblesceneWouldenterunawaresintohismindWithallitssolemnimagery,itsrocks,Itswoods,andthatuncertainheavenreceivedIntothebosomofthesteadylake.Thisboywastakenfromhismates,anddiedInchildhood,erehewasfulltwelveyearsold.Pre-eminentinbeautyisthevaleWherehewasbornandbred:thechurchyardhangsUponaslopeabovethevillage-school;AndthroughthatchurchyardwhenmywayhasledOnsummer-evenings,IbelievethatthereAlonghalf-hourtogetherIhavestoodMute—lookingatthegraveinwhichhelies!4、自由诗(FreeVerse)自由