上海中考语法句法syntax.docx四、句法(Syntax)(一)句子的成分(SentenceElement)句子的成分句子有两个最重要的成分:主语(Subject)和谓语(Predicate)。主语一般由名词或起名词作用的其它词类或从句担任。谓语主耍由动词或动词短语担任,有吋也可以由系动词加一个表语(Predicative)合成谓语的成分。如:Kate'sunclelivesinavillage.(主)(谓)apilalofEngland.(系动词)(表)(合成谓语)除了主语和谓语,句了还有其他成分,女口宾语(Object)、定语(Awibute)和状语(AdverbialModifier),有吋宾语后面可以加一个宾语补足语(plement)构成复合宾语。Jenny'sbrothermetanoldfriendinthestreet.(主) (谓) (地点状语)Hisfatherboughthimanewbikethedaybeforeyesterday.(间宾)(直宾) (时间状语)ThemeetingonFridaywasputoffbecauseoftheheavyrain.(后置定语) (原因状语)Theydideverythingtosavetheworker'slife.(宾) (目的状语)Thegirlwastallenoughtoreachthebookontheshelf.(系动词)(表)(合成谓语)Theytoldmetogotherebytaxi.(宾补)(方式状语)Hehasagoodmemorythoughheisold.(让步状语从句)Youllmisstheearlybus讦youdon'thurry.(前置定语)(条件状语从句)(二)句子的种类(Classification)1、陈述句(DeclarativeSentence)肯定式,否定式如:LilyandLizare(not),butIhavenotany/nosandwiches・',butthereisnotany/noorangejuice・Weshouldobeythetraffic*'tplayinthestreet・疑问句及其回答:(InterrogativeSentenceandAnswer)一般疑问句如:A:WasKathylateforschoolthismorning?B:Yes,shewas・/No,shewasn':DocsyourfathergotoPudongbyferry?B:Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn':HaveyoubeentoCanada?B:Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavens・A:MayIleavealittleearliertoday?B:Yes,youmay/,youmaynot/mustnVcan':常见白勺特殊疑问诃有what,who,whom,whose,which,when,where,why,how,howold,howmany,howm
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