定语从句 笔记整理.doc

定语从句授课人:?(1)定语从句:在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。(2)先行词:被定语从句修饰的词,叫做先行词。(3)关系词:分为关系代词和关系副词,在从句中担当一定成分。(先行词)that(关系词)Imetyesterdayinthestreet(定语从句).※定语从句两个必须★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分;★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。Part2关系代词引导的定语从句项目关系词关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中的作用关系代词that人/物主语、宾语、表语which物/事主语、宾语、表语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语as人/物/事情主语、宾语、:既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时常可省略。1)Thisisthefactorythatproducescars.(作主语,指物)2)Thegirlthatspoketomejustnowismyclassmate.(作主语,指人)3)Thefilm(that)wesawyesterdayisinteresting.(作宾语,指物)※:行使特权的条件:(1)限定性定语从句(即从句前无逗号);(2)介词没有提前。:有两种情况下,关系代词不会用that,指物时用which;指人时用who/whom。(1)非限定性定于从句(即从句前有逗号);(2)介词提前时。:指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时常可省略。1)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.(作主语)2)Thecar(which)myunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.(作宾语)※只用that不用which的情况:(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。ThefirstbookthatIboughtwasabouthowtolearnEnglish.(3)先行词是all,much,little,none,few等不定代词或由some,any,every,no等词构成的复合代词时).(4)当先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时。Theonlythingthathecandoistosaysorrytoher.(5)先行词既有人又有物。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?(6)主句已有疑问词who/which时。Whichisthebookthatyoulike?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?(7)当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系词在从句中也作表语时。Heisnolo