句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句.doc

句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句.doc句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。画出下列句子的主语: Duringthe1990s,emoreandmorepopular. WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass. One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls. Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure. Smokingdoesharmtothehealth. Therichshouldhelpthepoor. Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如::表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,e,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。画出下列句子的表语:OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican. Isityours? Theweatherhasturnedcold. Thespeechisexciting. Threetimessevenistwentyone? HisjobistoteachEnglish. Hishobbyisplayingfootball. Themachinemustbeoutoforder. . :宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。画出下列句子的宾语: Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday. Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive. Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday. Hepretendednottoseeme. Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic. Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice. 宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:HisfathernamedhimDongdong.()Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.()Letthefreshairin.(副词)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.()Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.()Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.()定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:画出下列句子中的定语,并判断什么作定语: Guilinisabeautifulcity.() Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.() Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.() HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.() Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoenter