高考英语定语从句讲解ppt课件.ppt

定语从句theAttributiveClause*:::引导定语从句的词叫关系词。      关系词通常有下列三个作用:Revision修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。*■关系代词的一般用法先行词是人,在从句中作主语用who,作宾语用whom或who,作定语用whose;先行词是物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which,作定语用ofwhich或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which,who,whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。*(______________)(_________)(=thecover_______)(作定语)(作主语)(作see的宾语,可以省略)(作定语)(作主语)(作visited的宾语,可以省略)*■关系副词的一般用法关系副词有when,where,why,在定语从句中作状语,分别表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time,day,season,age,occasion等时间名词;where的先行词通常是place,city,town,village,house,case,situation,scenes等地点或情形名词;why的先行词只能是reason。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词+which”代替,why可用forwhich代替。*asions_______________onemustyield.(屈服)Beijingistheplace_______________Iwasborn. Isthisthereason_____________herefusedouroffer?when(=onwhich)where(=inwhich)why(=forwhich)注意:先行词虽然是时间或地点,但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,要用关系代词。*(1):Thefactory__________wasbuiltin1978hasclosed.(2)I’:I’etthedays(______)wespentinAustralia.(3)Thereason(_____):Thereason(____)(作状语)which/that(作主语)when(作状语)that(作及物动词spent的宾语)why(作状语,用关系副词)that(作gave的宾语,用关系代词)*在定语从句中,关系代词which和that都可指物,一般情况下,可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意:■只能用that而不能用which的情形(1)当先行词为:all,little,few,much,none及some-,any-,no-,every-与thing所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。如:Thereisnothingthatwillstopusmakingprogress.(2)当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very等形容词修饰时,只能用that。如:Thisistheonlyproblemthatwecan’tworkout.*(3)当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。如:ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.(4)当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。如:Luxunandhisworksthatwearefamiliarwithareconsid