英语词汇学总结复习资料.doc

英语词汇学总结复****资料大家请注意:笔记中大多数是以名词解释的形式出现的,这些是绝对的基础,应该一字不漏的背下来。其实不少简答题也就是几个定义的汇总,再加上个例子就可以拿满分了。区分两个词的区别,主要还是指明其各自的定义。 onceptsofWordsandVocabulary ——Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction. .“woman”means’Frau’inGerman,’Femme’inFrenchand’Funv’,thesamesound/rait/canmeanright,riteandwrite,thoughdenotingdifferentthings,yethavethesamesound. . (Atleast80%oftheEnglishwordsfitconsistentspellingpatterns) a).theinternalreasonisEnglishalphabetdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachsoundinthelanguage. b).Pronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspelling c).Influenceoftheworkofscribes/printingfreezesthespellingofwordsin1500 d).Borrowingofforeignlanguage ——,agivenbook,agivendisplineandallthewordspossessedbyanindividualpersonaswellasallthewordscurrentinaparticularperiodoftimeinhistory. —byusefrequency,bynotion,,intocontentwordsandfunctionalwordsbynotion, 1).Basicwordstock–thefoundationofthevocabulary. (mostimportant)–naturalphenomena monthingsandphenomenaofthehumanbodyandrelations worldaroundusnamesofplantsandanimals action,size,domain,state numerals,pronouns,prep.,conj. –monestthingnecessarytolife,,. ,bow,chariot,knight–past electricity,machine,car,plane——now –theyaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords,theycanformnewwordsw