埋弧自动焊焊接工艺参数对焊缝成型影响.doc

埋弧自动焊焊接工艺参数对焊缝成型影响目录目录················································1序言················································2焊接材料与设备······································3焊接过程及原理······································4焊接工艺参数的选择方法······························61、焊接工艺参数的选择方法······································62、焊接工艺参数的选择程序······································6焊接工艺参数的选择及确定····························7焊接工艺参数对焊缝成型的影响························91、焊接电流I及电流极性对焊缝成形的影响························92、电弧电压的影响··············································113、焊接速度V的影响············································124、焊丝直径与干伸长的影响······································135、焊丝倾角a的影响············································146、焊件位置的影响··············································147、装配间隙与坡口角度的影响····································148、焊剂的影响··················································15影响焊接过程的因素分析·····························16焊接缺陷及其产生原因分析及预防措施·················18十、中厚板埋弧自动焊接工艺参数的确定···················26十一、毕业论文心得体会···································27十二、参考文献···········································28序言 焊接技术作为制造业的传统基础工艺与技术,在工业中应用的历史并不长,但它的发展却是非常迅速的。在短短的几十年中焊接已在许多工业部门中为工业经济的发展作出了重要贡献,在各个重要的领域如航空航天、造船、汽车、桥梁、电子信息、海洋钻探、高层建筑金属结构中都广泛应用,使焊接成为一种重要制造技术和材料科学的一个重要专业学科,开创了连接技术的新篇章。 随着科学技术的发展,焊接已从简单的构件连接方法和毛坯制造手段发展成为制造行业中一项生产尺寸精确的产品的生产手段。因此,保证焊接产品质量的稳定性和提高劳动生产率已成为焊接生产发展的急待解决的问题。  在机械制造业中不少过去一直用整铸整锻方法生产的大型毛坯改成了焊接结构,这大大简化了生产工艺,降低了成本。许多尖端技术如宇航、核动力等如果不采用焊接结构,实际上是不可能实现的。焊接在整个工业中的地位还可以从这样一个事实来判断,即世界主要工业国家每年生产的焊接结构约占钢产量的45%左右,焊接结构之所以有如此迅速的发展是因为它具有一系列优点。(一)与铆接相比它可以节省大量金属材料,大约可减轻15-20%的金属材料,因为它不需要辅助材料。其次焊接结构生产不需打孔,划线的工作量也比较少,因此比较省工、省时间,工作效率当然就要高多了。(二)与铸件相比焊接结构生产不需要制作木模和砂型,也不需要专门熔炼,浇铸,工序简单,生产周期短。 焊接产品质量的稳定性和提高劳动生产率已成为焊接生产发展亟待解决的问题。使得实现对焊接过程的自动控制、焊接工艺制造的自动化的需求越来越迫切。另外,计算机技术、控制理论、人工智能、电子技术及机器人技术的发展为焊接过程自动化提供了十分有利的技术基础,并已渗透到焊接各领域中,取得了很多成果,焊接过程自动化已成为焊接技术的生长点之一。从焊接技术发展来看,焊接自动化、机器人化以及智能化已成为趋势。经过总结焊工的智能经验并把它们运用到现在很先进的高科技中,能够快速、灵活、安全的实现自动化焊接,现在在发达国家焊接自动化控制已经获得了满意的效果,对于宏观焊接质量(如熔透控制,接头尺寸等)的控制已取得了较大的进展,对于微观焊接质量(焊缝的金相组织及机械性能)