蜂窝网无线定位技术研究.pdf

Research on wireless location technologies based on work Thesis Submitted to Nanjing University of Posts and munications for the Degree of Master of Engineering By Xiaoxiao Hong Supervisor: Prof. Jianguo Yao March 2013I 摘要位置服务产业在国际上已成为继互联网、移动通信之后的发展最快的新兴信息产业之一。作为移动通信网的一种增值业务,无线定位服务在我们日常生活中起到非常重要的作用。因此对无线定位技术的研究是一个非常重要的课题。论文的主要工作包括:(1)总结了GSM,3G,LTE蜂窝移动通信系统中的定位技术,介绍了常用无线定位参数及其估计方法,包含波达时间的估计,波达时间差的估计,以及到达角估计方法。仿真比较了蜂窝网无线定位常用的基站定位算法。(2)研究总结出辨识非视距传播的主要方法与技术和一些非视距抑制技术与方法。(3)提出一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波器的非视距误差消除方法,该方法一个关键点是利用基于残差标准差及K均值聚类算法的方法把非视距传播数据与视距数据区分开来,然后针对所有的非视距传播测量值,通过多项式拟合后下移拟合曲线来重建视距距离数据,从而消除非视距误差,得到视距距离后用无迹卡尔曼滤波器进行跟踪,仿真结果表明本文提出的算法比传统扩展卡尔曼算法有更高的定位精度。最后本文探讨了定位信息在无线网络规划与优化中的作用。关键词:非视距误差,无迹卡尔曼滤波器,视距重构,K均值聚类算法II Abstract Location-based service has e one of the most rapidly growing emerging information industry following the , munication industry in the a value-added business service provided by work,wireless positioning plays a very important role in our daily the study of the wireless location technology is very main research work includes: (1)The author summarized the positioning technologies in GSM, 3G, LTE cellular munication ,the author introduced the signal characteristic parameters such as Time of Arrival (TOA), Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Angle of Arrival (AOA) and their estimation methods,then pared the positioning algorithms in different situation. (2)The author summed up the identification of non-line-of-sight(NLOS) transmission techniques and some NLOS mitigation techniques. (3)In the paper,the author takes advantage of the Unscented Kalman Filter with some improvement of previous work to reduce NLOS error in location measurement. One of the key contributions of this paper is to present the methods that discriminate the NLOS measurements from LOS measurements based on the standard deviation and K-means clustering and reconstruct the LOS measurements out of the NLOS measurements by polynominal fit in ord