听力简化笔记符号.doc

一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP:important,ASAP:assoonaspossible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:F拿掉所有元音MKT:marketMGR:managerMSG:messageSTD:standardRCV:receiveF保留前几个字母INFO:informationINS:insuranceEXCHexchangeIoweyouIOUInsteadofI/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK:weekRM:roomPL:peopleF根据发音R:areTHO:thoughTHRU:through缩略词原词APT::AccountantACDG:AccordingACPT:AcceptAD:AdvertisementADS:AddressADV:AdviceAMAP:Asmuch/manyaspossibleAMT:AmountAPV:ApproveASAP:AssoonaspossibleBAL:BalanceBLDG:BuildingCERTCertificateCFM:CL:F:municationCONC:Concern/concerning/concernedCOND:ConditionCO.:CompanyDEPT:DepartmentDISC:DepartureEXCH:ExchangeEXPLN:ExplainEXT:ExtentFLT:FinalFRT:FreightFYR:ForyourreferenceGD:GoodGUAR::InformationIMPS:ImpossibleIMP(T):ImportantINCD:IncludeINDIV:IndividualINS:InsuranceINTST:InterestedI/O:InsteadofIOU:IoweyouIVO:InviewofMANUF:ManufactureMDL:ModelMEMO:MemorandumMGR:MangerMIN:MinimumMKT:MarketMSG:MessageNCRY:NecessaryNLT:NolaterthanOBS:ObserveOBT:ObtainORD:OrdinaryPAT:PatentPC:PiecePKG:PackingPL:PeoplePLS:PleasePOSN:PositionPOSS(BL):PossiblePROD:ProductQLTY:QualityQUTY:QuantityRCV:ReceiveREF:ReferenceREGL:RegularREP:RepresentativeRESN:ReservationRPT:RepeatRESPON:ResponsibleSEC:SectionSITN:SituationSTD:StandardTEL:EMP:TemporaryTGM:TelegraphTHO:ThoughTKS:ThanksTRD:TradeTRF:TrafficTTL:TotalU:YouUR:YourWK:WeekWL:WillWT:WeightXL:Extralarge二、字母、图像Z表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:JZ。C表示政府,统治:government,govern希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government,所以就用C来表示govern,government。governmentalofficial可以表示为CZP表示政治:politics,political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics,political。那么politician就可以表示为PZE表示总数:total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,。G表示效率:efficient,effective。G为效率符号。Q表示"通货膨胀":inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。A表示农业:,所以用首字母代替。B表示商业:business。C×表示冲突,矛盾:conflict,confrontation"C×"中的"×"表示反对,字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict和confrontation。W表示工作,职业:work,employ等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker,而W(Z在字母上方表示employer,在字母下方表示employee)。i表示工业:indu