E!1InternationalEconomics国际经济学主讲:余道先******@2Chapter6EconomiesofScale,petition,andInternationalTrade规模经济、不完全竞争和国际贸易3IntroductionEconomiesofScaleandInternationalTrade:petitionandTradeDumpingTheTheoryofExternalEconomiesExternalEconomiesandInternationalTradeSummaryPreview4IntroductionCountriesengageininternationaltradefortwobasicreasons:(cont.)TheRicardianandHeckscher-efromproductionispaidtoownersoffactorsofproduction:no“excess”,largefirmsmaybemoreefficientthansmallfirms,(cont.)petitionplayacrucialrole:petitionmodel(垄断竞争模型)Dumpingmodel(倾销模型)7EconomiesofScaleandInternationalTrade:parativeadvantage()petition:modityinthesameproportion(增加生产某商品所需的所有要素的投入会使该产品的产量同比例增加).8EconomiesofScaleandInternationalTrade:AnOverviewInpractice,manyindustriesarecharacterizedbyeconomiesofscale(alsoreferredtoasincreasingreturns).Productionismostefficient,thelargerthescaleatwhichittakesplace(规模越大,生产效率越高).9Underincreasingreturnstoscale:Outputgrowsproportionatelymorethantheincreaseinallinputs(产出的增长比例比要素投入增加的比例高).Averagecosts(costsperunit)declinewiththesizeofthemarket(随着市场规模的扩张,平均成本(单位成本)降低).EconomiesofScaleandInternationalTrade:AnOverview10
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