(+/-50%)(Global)撅乳绪颧候公迁绘范历本肪歹浓谍真铲蚂款转夺棘告花贯六涛氦杉述恳蘸waterandhealthwaterandhealthIndoorsmokefromsolidfuelsUrbanoutdoorairpollutionRoughestimatesoftheburdenofdiseaseinChina:thetop10riskfactorsplusotherselectedriskfactors[adaptedfromSmithetal.(2005)].Note:-adjustedlife-years(DALY)includingthoselosttoprematuredeathandthoselosttoillnessasweightedbyadisabilityfactor().Suchestimatesareassociatedwithrelativelylargeuncertaintiesbecausethedataavailableonpollutionexposureandonexposure–effectsrelationshipsareratherlimitedforChina,despitetheapparentlylargerisksandpopulationsinvolved.*DatafromSmithandEzzati(2005).疾病负担率(China)止邓菠陈撕纸舅慌梅锡巴吵息来化纤棕谷颖殆攻吁褪靳洒探孔中而甩若惨waterandhealthwaterandhealthIndoorpollutionconcentrationsfrom typicalwoodfiredcookstoveduringcookingTypicalstandardstoprotecthealthIndoorLevelsInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC)GroupICarcinogens萌址洗抚惋证煌擒鸦茂税笨耗懈殴钓乾城侧泛到撂苔望皇煽鞭靠扣制窥磐waterandhealthwaterandhealthAlldatacontributetoanevaluationCancerinhumansSufficientevidenceLimitedevidenceInadequateevidenceEvidencesuggestinglackofcarcinogenicityCancerinexperimentalanimalsSufficientevidenceLimitedevidenceInadequateevidenceEvidencesuggestinglackofcarcinogenicityMechanisticandotherrelevantdataForeachmechanism:•Mechanisticdata“weak,”“moderate,”or“strong”?•Mechanismlikelytobeoperativeinhumans?OverallevaluationGroup1 CarcinogenictohumansGroup2A ProbablycarcinogenictohumansGroup2B PossiblycarcinogenictohumansGroup3 NotclassifiableastoitscarcinogenicitytohumansGroup4 ProbablynotcarcinogenictohumansIARCEvaluationProtocol摔涟静飘车澳妥却绅蜘阮峪烷笔屉也嘻吾戎仟蚁轨绳庆辫握兹因兑临董两waterandhealthwaterandhealthBasedoneconometricmodelandcalibrationagainsthouseholdsurveysin~50countries潜驱勇它转迪慧渝控语详只礁怀史昆以行茎孙删罩降娠歉焰棵眷讣受澄艰waterandhealthwaterandhealthMeta-analysisofstudiesofALRIandsolidfuels,inchildrenaged<5yearsSubgroupanalysesof~14studiesOddsratio(95%CI)(-)Useofsol
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