明知教育·+初中英语语法+表格归类.doc

明知教育·初中英语语法表格归类一(:专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词国名地名人名,::名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-daysclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esdish-dishesleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,以-f或变-f和-fe为v再加-eswife-wives,half-halves3-fe结尾的词加-schief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为party-parties,family-families,story-stories,4i加-escity-cities以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,5名词以y结尾的,加-sHenry-HenrysNegro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,一般加-es以辅音tomato-tomatoes字母加6piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,-o结尾不少外来词加-skilo-kilos,solo-solos的名词两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoostruth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,8以-th结尾的名词加-spath-paths,:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:规则例词man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,3只有复数形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,5也可以作复数(成员)population,team,public,partycustoms(海关),times(时代),spirits(情绪),6复数形式表示特别含义drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜)Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,加-sSwedes,Europeans表示7“某国单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese人”以-man或-woman结尾的改Englishmen,Frenchwomen为-men,-womensons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,将主体名词变为复数boyfriends合成名8无主体名词时将最后一部分词grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches变为复数将两部分变为复数womensingers,:名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。1.’s所有格的构成:单数名词在末尾加’stheboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,一般在末尾加’theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,复数名词不规则复数名词后加’sthechildren’stoys,women’srights,以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾Japan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’s均须加’sbikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词JapanandAmerica’sproblems,Ja