syntax(句法2).ppt

1Syntax 2Essays: deadline extended to Monday 2nd, but must be printed on paper. Emailed essays must still arrive by 30th. Morphology homework by 26th. Also on 26th, there may be time to discuss your essays with classmates and me; so, print what you have so far, and bring any useful books, URLs or materials to the class. 2Non-constituents?man danced is not a constituent –It’s not a VP or NP or anythingP–Because you can’t swap it for anything else?The old [man danced] the lambada?*The old [man] the lambada?*The old [danced] the lambada?(remember what * means?)3Phrase structure rules?Now, you know this phrase structure rule:–S ? NP VP (a prises a noun phrase followed by a verb phrase)?Here are two more phrase structure rules:–VP ? V NP–NP ? N?We will assume (for the exam and other purposes) that all the phrase structure rules for English are those listed on page 150–Really, of course, there are many more!4Reading?123 – 130?Don’t forget the morphology homework?And that the essay deadline is 30th December?The final exam will include questions on –the topics covered before the mid-term exam–morphology, including some similar to the Fromkinexercises–whatever we cover in syntax. You will certainly be asked to draw trees!5爸爸給小明買鹹蛋超人6?“with the telescope” is indeed a PP–NOT an AP!–Sorry!?These S nodes are plements?plement ? an object (of a verb)–Like fish here:?There is another kind plement–plement:–New rule: VP ? V plementizers (that, if etc.)?Simple enough:?Complementizerthat is optional:plementizers may not be optional?Like if–More rules:CP ? COMP SVP ? V CP?*We wonder Tracy ate her fish.?Does Chinese have plementizer which means that? Give examples of its use, and draw ?Remember pounds?–Like greenhouse, a kind of house–pound describes pound’s head?Exocentric, like scarecrow–Not a kind of crow?Heads in syntax are similar?In the NP The long green lizard who was eating fish–The head must be a noun, because it’s an NP–And it’s… well, which word is the Head of the