（连云港专版）2020中考英语复习方案第二篇语法专题突破语法专题09构词法课件.pptx

语法专题(九)构词法第二篇语法专题突破考点一派生法英语构词法中在词根前面或后面加词缀,从而构成一个新词的方法叫作派生法。加在词根前的词缀叫前缀,加在词根后的词缀叫后缀。(1)表否定意义的前缀前缀含义例词un-不happy→unhappy(不高兴的)friendly→unfriendly(不友好的)usual→unusual(不寻常的)able→unable(不能的)popular→unpopular(不流行的)前缀含义例词in-不active→inactive(不积极的)correct→incorrect(不正确的)expensive→inexpensive(不贵的)im-不polite→impolite(不礼貌的)patient→impatient(没有耐心的)possible→impossible(不可能的)dis-不like→dislike(不喜欢)appear→disappear(消失)agree→disagree(不同意)non-不;非smoker→non-smoker(非吸烟者)human→non-human(非人类的)native→non-native(非母语的;非本地的)[续表](2)其他前缀含义例词mis-错误;失误understand→misunderstand(误解)lead→mislead(误导)behavior→misbehavior(行为不端)re-又;再;重新view→review(复****write→rewrite(重写)inter-相互;→(互联网)national→international(国际的)connect→interconnect(相互关联)前缀含义例词tele-远phone→telephone(电话) vision→television(电视)en-使可能rich→enrich(使丰富) able→enable(使能够)a-使处于……情况live→alive(活着的)wake→awake(醒着的)sleep→asleep(睡着的)[续表]→副词+-lywide→widely quiet→quietlysad→sadlyslow→slowly以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-lyhappy→happilyangry→angrily以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去掉e,再加-ysimple→simply terrible→terribly少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e,再加-lytrue→truly形式后缀例词名词→形容词+-yrain→rainy health→healthywealth→wealthy luck→lucky+-lyweek→weekly love→lovelyfriend→friendly+-ousdanger→dangerous+-fulcare→careful use→usefulhelp→helpful+-lessuse→useless help→helplesscare→careless[续表]形式后缀例词名词→形容词+-ernwest→western south→southern+-engold→golden wood→wooden+-alnation→national其他China→ChineseFrance→FrenchAmerica→AmericanCanada→CanadianAsia→Asiancentre→central[续表]形式后缀例词动词→形容词+-eddisappoint→disappointedinterest→interested+-ingfollow→following interest→interesting+-tiveact→active create→creative+-ableenjoy→fortablesuit→suitable[续表]形式后缀例词形容词→名词+-nessill→illness sad→sadness kind→kindness+-ydifficult→difficulty+-ityable→ability possible→possibility+-ce(以t结尾的形容词去t,再加-ce)important→importance silent→silencedifferent→difference[续表]