考研英语大纲附录3.doc

附录 3 常用的前缀和后缀, 部分国家( 或地区)、语言、国民及国籍表, 洲名及常见缩写词一、常用的前缀和后缀 1 、常用前缀 aero- : concerning the airof aircraft plane-aeroplane 飞机 space-aerospace 航空空间 anti- : against ; opposite of nuclear-antinuclear 反对核武器的 matter-antimatter 反物质 war-antiwar 反战的 auto- : oforby oneself biography 传记– autobiography 自传 criticism 批评-autocriticism 自我反省 be- : to treat as the stated thing friend-befriend 以朋友的方式对待;照顾 little-belittle 使显得微小,轻视、贬低 bi- : two ; twice ; double lingual-bilingual 双语的; 人 cycle-bicycle bio- : concerning living things chemistry-biochemistry 生化 sphere-biosphere 生物圈 by- , bye- : less important produce-by-produce way-byway 偏僻小路;学科的次要领域,冷门 centi- : hundredth part grade-centigrade ?摄氏 meter-centimeter 厘米 co- : together , with author-coauthor 合著者,合著 exist-coexist 同时共存、和平共处 col- : ( used before l) together , with location-collocation 排列,配置,- : ( used before b, m, p) together , with passion 怜悯、同情 con- : together , with centric-concentric 同一中心的、同轴 federation-confederation 结盟同盟,联邦 contra- : opposite diction-contradiction 矛盾、否定反驳 natural-contranatural 违背自然的 cor- : ( used before r) together , with relate-correlate 有相关性 respond-correspond 相符合相一致,相当类似通信 counter- : opposite act-counteract 对抗、抵消 attack-counterattack 反攻、反击 cross- : across ; going between the stated things and joining them country-crosscountry 越野的 breed-crossbreed 杂种,使杂交 de- : showing an opposite ; to remove ; to reduce code-decode 译码、解码、分析电子信号 value-devalue 贬值,贬低 dis- : not ; the opposite of advantage-disadvantage 不利、劣势、短处 agree-disagree 不同意、不一致、不适合 honest-dishonest 不诚实、不老实 em- : ( used before b, m, p) to cause to e body-embody 表现、象征;包括、包含 power-empower 授权、准许 en- : to cause to e ; to make danger-endanger 危及、使遭受危险 large-enlarge 扩大、扩充放大 ex- : former ( and still living ) minister-ex-minister v辅助;服侍,部长 wife-ex-wife 前妻 extra- : outside ; beyond curricular-extracurricular 学校课程以外的 ordinary-extraordinary 奇怪;特别;额外,临时 fore- : in advance , before ; inor at the front arm-forearm 前臂,预先武装 warn-forewarn 预先警告;事先告知 il-: ( used before l)not lega