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外文翻译--集成电路(ic)(适用于毕业论文外文翻译+中英文对照).doc


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大学本科生毕业设计(论文) 外文翻译学院: 专业: 学生: 指导教师: 完成日期: 2012 年5月 30日 1 Integrated circuit (IC) I ntroducion Integrated circuit also called microelectronic circuit or chip an assembly of ponents, fabricated asa single unit, in which miniaturized active devices (., transistors and diodes) and passive devices (., capacitors and resistors) and their interconnections are built up on a thin substrate of semiconductor material (typically silicon). The resulting circuit is thus a small monolithic “ chip, ” which may be as small asa few square centimetres or only a few square millimetres. The individual ponents are generally microscopic in size. Integrated circuits have their origin in the invention of the transistor in 1947 by William B. Shockley and his team at the American Telephone and pany's Bell Laboratories. Shockley's team (including John Bardeen and Walter H. Brattain) found that, under the right circumstances, electrons would form a barrier at the surface of certain crystals, and they learned to control the flow of electricity through the crystal by manipulating this barrier. Controlling electron flow through a crystal allowed the team to create a device that could perform certain electrical operations, such as signal amplification, that were previously done by vacuum tubes. They named this device a transistor, from bination of the words transfer and resistor (see photograph). The study of methods of creating electronic devices using solid materials became known as solid-state electronics. Solid-state devices proved to be 2 much sturdier, easier to work with, more reliable, much smaller, and less expensive than vacuum tubes. Using the same principles and materials, engineers soon learned to create other ponents, such as resistors and capacitors. Now that electrical devices could be made so small, the largest part ofa circuit was the awkward wiring between the devices. In 1958 Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments, Inc., and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation ind

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  • 时间2016-03-23