动脉导管未闭 PPT课件.ppt

先天性心脏病先天性心脏病 Congenital Heart Disease Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) (CHD) 陈小荣包头医学院第二附属医院儿科第十三章概述概述 Overview CHD is defined as an abnormality in circulatory structure or function that is present at birth, even if it is discovered much later CHD is present in % in China 先天性心脏病是胎儿时期心脏血管发育异常而导致的先天性畸形出生后出生后 1 1年内先天性心血管发育畸形出现率占活产年内先天性心血管发育畸形出现率占活产婴儿的婴儿的 ‰‰ By the progression of all kinds of inspection techniques and interventional therapy, the prognosis of CHD has taken on a new look. 概述概述 Overview 由于各种心血管检查技术(特别是彩色多普勒超声心动图)的应用, 深低温麻醉和体外循环下心内直视手术的发展,先心病介入性治疗进展,临床上对先心病的诊断和治疗发生了很大变化,预后大为改观。目的要求目的要求 Objective and Request ●掌握室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、法洛四联症的血流动力学、临床表现及常见并发症 To master the hemodynamics and clinical situation and the diagnosis mon complications in VSD, ASD, PDA and TOF 熟悉先天性心脏病的病因、分类、预防及治疗原则 Familiar with the etiology and classification of CHD ●病因病因 Etiology ●遗传因素(内在因素) 与基因突变、染色体畸变有关 ic factor (internal factor) CHD result from gene mutation or chromosome aberration ●环境因素(外界因素) 与宫内病毒感染有关 Environmental factor (external factor) CHD is mainly correlation to the intrauterine infection 预防预防 Prevention 加强孕妇保健 The health protection of pregnant woman should be enhanced 避免接触药物、辐射等高危因素 High risk factors should be avoided 妊娠早期适量补充叶酸 Suit dosage Folic Acid should be filled up in early pregnancy stage 分类分类 Classification ●左向右分流型(潜在青紫型) left-to-right shunts ( noncyanosis ) ●右向左分流型(青紫型) right-to-left shunts (cyanosis) ●无分流型(无青紫型) non shunts ( noncyanosis ) PS VSD TOF 临床常见的先心病 mon CHD in Clinic ●室间隔缺损 Ventricular septal defect (VSD) ●房间隔缺损 Atrial septal defect (ASD) ●动脉导管未闭 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ●法洛四联症 Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 室间隔缺损 Ventricular Septal Defect ( VSD ) 室间隔缺损 Ventricular Septal Defect ( VSD )