19世纪下半叶至20世纪初美国城市化历史分析及启示.pdf

湘潭大学
硕士学位论文
19世纪下半叶至20世纪初美国城市化历史分析及启示
姓名:欧阳世芳
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:世界历史
指导教师:郑祖铤
20080519
摘要
19 世纪中叶至 20 世纪初,美国由初步城市化向基本实现城市化的过渡,既上承
南北战争前初步城市化的成果,又下启大都市区化、郊区化新阶段。城市化总体上由
东北部开启,逐渐向中西部、南部扩展。各区的城市化并非是平衡发展的,相反,各
区带有很大的地区差异性而呈现不同的特色。
本文首先对城市化内涵以及城市化标准进行了界定。定义明晰后,笔者对各区的
城市化进程进行了分析和探讨,由于此时期美国的中西部、西部地区的发展更为明显
和迅速,因此,对于这两个地区进行了较为详细的探讨。
在分析城市化的动力机制时,笔者分小节探讨了农业、工业、交通运输、移民等
诸多因素对城市化的影响。在肯定工业化巨大作用的同时,笔者着力对城市化观念、
城市政策进行了重点分析,以期将无形因素引入城市化评价体系,较为全面地探讨美
国城市化。
最后,笔者扼要地从科技、工业、政策等几方面探讨了美国城市化的影响并把对
美国的分析归结到对中国城市化的启示上来,以期达到本文撰写的最终目的。

关键词: 城市化; 工业化; 观念; 政策


















I
Abstract
From the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, the United States achieved the
transition from initial urbanization to basically urbanization. On the whole of the course, it
started from the northeast, and gradually expanded to the central and southern region. All
of the region were not balanced development, on the contrary, they have their own regional
differences and show different characteristics.
In this paper, clear definition and standards was given at first. The author analyzed the
course of the urbanization of different regions. As the central and western region had rapid
development in this time, the two areas was studied in detail.
In analyzing the dynamic mechanism of urbanization, the author discussed the
agricultural, industrial, transportation, immigration, and many other factors impact on
urbanization in section. While affirming the role of the great industrialization, the author
focused on the concept of the city and urban policy. The author tried to introduce intangible
factors into urbanization evaluation system and to give American urbanization a more
comprehensive study.
Finally, the impact of urbanization on the United States was discussed. All of the
analyses were attributed to inspiration for Chinese city. That was the ultimate aim of this
article to achieve.

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