材料科学基础专业词汇.doc

材料科学基础专业词汇.doc原子质量单位材料科学基础专业词汇:第一章晶体结构Atomicmassunit(arnu)onfiguration负电的Electronegative正电的Electropositive基态Groundstate知键Hydrogenbond离子键Ionicbond同位素Isotope金属键Metallicbond摩尔Mole分子Molecule泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple元素周期表Periodictable原子atom分子molecule分子量moleculeweight极性分子Polarmolecule量子数quantumnumber价电子valenceelectron范德华键vanderwaalsbond电子轨道electronorbitals点***ointgroup对称要素symmetryelements各向异性anisotropy原子堆积因数atomic packingfactor(APF)体心立方结构body-centeredcubic(BCC)而心立方结构face-centered cubic(FCC)布拉格定律bragg'slaw配位数coordinationnumber品体结构crystalstructure品系ctystalsystem晶体的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutrondiffraction电子衍射electrondiffraction品界grainboundary六方密堆积hexagonalclose-packed(HCP)鲍林规则Pauling'srulesNaCI型结构NaCI—typestructureCsCI型结构Caesium Chloridestructure闪锌矿型结构Blende-typestructure纤锌矿型结构Wurtzitestructure金红石型结构Rutilestructure萤石型结构Fluoritestructure钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-typestructure尖晶石型结构Spinel-typestructure硅酸盐结构Stnictureofsilicates岛状结构Islandstructure链状结构Chainstructure层状结构Layerstructure架状结构Frameworkstmcture滑石talc叶蜡石pyrophyllite高岭石kaolinite石英quartz长石feldspar美橄榄石forsterite各向同性的isotropic各向异性的anisotropy晶格lattice晶格参数latticeparameters密勒指数millerindices非结晶的noncrystalline多晶的polycrystalline多晶形polymorphism单晶singlecrystal晶胞unitcell电位electronstates(化合)价valence电子electrons共价键covalentbonding金属键metallicbonding离子键Ionicbonding极性分子polarmolecules原子血密度atomicplanardensity衍射角diffractionangle合金alloy粒度,晶粒大小grainsize显微结构microstructure显微照相photomicrograph扫描电子显scanning electron微镜microscope(SEM)透射电子显transmissionelectron重量百分数weightpercent微镜microscope(TEM)四方的tetragonal单斜的monoclinic位数coordinationnumber材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷缺陷defect,imperfection点缺陷pointdefect线缺陷linedefect,dislocation面缺陷interfacedefect体缺陷volumedetect位错排列dislocationarrangement位错线dislocationline刃位错edgedislocation螺位错screwdislocation混合位错mixeddislocation晶界grainboundaries大角度晶界high-angle grainboundaries小角度晶界tiltboundary,挛晶界twinboundaries位错阵列dislocationarray位错气团dislocationatmosphere位错轴dislocationaxis位错胞dislocationcell位错爬移dislocationclimb位错聚结dislocationcoalescence位错滑移disloca