材料科学基础词汇.doc

材料科学基础词汇.doc材料科学基础专业词汇:第一章晶体结构质量原了质量单位Atomicmassunit(amu)onfiguration结构负电的Electronegative正电的Electropositive基态Groundstate氢键Hydrogenbond离子键Ionicbond同位素isotope金属键Metallicbond摩尔Mole分子Molecule泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple元素周期表Periodictabic原子atom分子molecule分子量moleculeweight极性分子Polarmolecule量子数quantumnumber价电子valenceelectron范德:华键vanderwaalsbond电子轨道electronorbitals点***ointgroup对称要素symmetryelements各向异性anisotropy原子堆积因数atomicpackingfactor(APF)体心立方结构body-centeredcubic(BCC)面心立方结构face-centeredcubic(FCC)布拉格定律bragg'slaw配位数coordinationnumber晶体结构crystalstructure晶系crystalsystem晶体的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutrondiffraction电子衍射electrondiffraction晶界grainboundary六方密堆积hexagonalclose-packed(HCP)鲍林规则Pauling'srulesNaCI型结构NaCI—dc-typcstructure纤锌矿型结构Wurtzitestructure金红石型结构Rutilestructure萤石型结构Fluoritestructure钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-typestructure尖晶石型结构Spinel-typestructure硅酸盐结构Structureofsilicates岛状结构Islandstructure链状结构Chainslruclure层状结构Layerstructure架状结构Frameworkstructure滑石talc叶蜡石pyrophyllite高岭石kaolinite石英quartz长石feldspar美橄榄石tbrsterile务向同性的isotropic务向异性的anisotropy晶格lattice晶格参数latticeparameters密勒指数millerindices非结晶的noncrystalline多晶的polycrystalline多晶形polymorphism单晶singlecrystal晶胞unitcell电位electronstates(化合)价valence电子electrons共价键covalentbonding金属键metallicbonding高子键Ionicbonding极性分子polarmolecules原子面密度atomicplanardensity衍射角diffractionangle合金alloy粒度,晶粒大小grainsize显微结构microstructure显微照相photomicrograph扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscop