第三节关节学一关节学总论CHENHUAHUMANANATOMY3基本概念骨连结:骨与骨之间的连结装置⑴直接连结多位于颅骨及躯干骨之间⑵间接连结多见于四肢骨之间CHENHUAHUMANANATOMY4⑴直接连结特点:①借纤维结缔组织或软骨相连②其间无间隙③不能活动或仅有少许活动分类:①纤维连结fibrousjoints②软骨连结cartilaginousjoints③骨性结合osseousjointsCHENHUAHUMANANATOMY5*①纤维连结fibrousjoints如:颅骨的连结椎骨棘突间韧带连结前臂骨间膜CHENHUAHUMANANATOMY6*②软骨连结cartilaginousjointsCHENHUAHUMANANATOMY7⑵间接连结/关节joints特点:①借膜性囊互相连结②其间有腔隙、滑液③有较大的活动性CHENHUAHUMANANATOMY8▲关节的主要结构关节面articularsurface关节囊articularcapsule关节腔articularcavity关节头关节窝纤维膜fibrousmembrane滑膜synovialmembraneCHENHUAHUMANANATOMY9▲关节的辅助结构⑴韧带ligaments囊内韧带/囊外韧带⑵关节盘articulardisc⑶关节半月板articularmeniscus⑷关节唇articularlabrumCHENHUAHUMANANATOMY10▲关节的运动⑴屈和伸⑵内收和外展⑶旋内和旋外旋内~骨的前面转向内侧,在前臂,又称旋前旋外(旋后)⑷环转
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