杨忠《语言知识学习学概论》记录文本.doc

Chapter1IntroductionⅠ.Whatislanguage?(1)Languageisasystemwhosepartscanandmustbeconsideredintheirsynchronicsolidarity.(deSaussure,1916)(2)[Languageis]aset(finiteorinfinite)ofsentences,eachfiniteinlengthandconstructedoutofafinitesetofelements.(Chomsky,1957)(3)Languageisapurelyhumanandnon-municatingideas,,-,munication.Ⅱ.(1)Languageprovidesopportunitiesforsendingmessagesthathaveneverbeensentbeforeandforunderstandingbrandnewmessages.(2)Thegrammarrulesandthewordsarefinite,(1)Languagecontainstwosubsystems,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.(2)Certainsoundsorsequencesofsoundsstandforcertainmeanings.(3)(1)Therelationshipbetweenthetwosubsystemsoflanguageisarbitrary.(2)(1)Thereisnolimitintimeorspaceforlanguage.(2)Languagecanbeusedtorefertothingsrealorimagined,past,(1),itmustbelearned.(2)(1)Humanlanguagescanbeusedtodescribethemselves.(2)Thelanguageusedtotalkaboutlanguageiscalledmeta-language.Ⅲ.Functionsoflanguage–threemeta-,tothink,.Ⅳ.(1)Analyticlanguage–noinflectionsorformalchanges,grammaticalrelationshipsareshownthroughwordorder,suchasChineseandVietnamese(2)Syntheticlanguage–grammaticalrelationshipsareexpressedbychangingtheinternalstructureofthewords,typic