高考英语语法总结.doc

:一)不定式的常考形式:1)一般形式:Hedecidedtoworkharderinordertocatchupwiththeothers、被动形式:Hepreferredtobeassignedsomeheavierworktodo、语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生2)完成形式:Hepretendednottohaveseenme、被动形式:Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages、语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前二)不定式常考的考点:1)不定式做定语----将要发生2)不定式做状语----目的3)不定式充当名词功能---Toseeistobelieve、三)不定式的省略1)感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday、昨天我瞧见她在花园里干活了。(强调"我瞧见了"这个事实)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday、昨天我见她正在花园里干活。(强调"我见她正干活"这个动作)"感官动词后面接形容词而不就是副词:Thecaketastesgood;fortable、2)使役动词havebidmakelet等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI'dliketohaveJohndoit、Ihavemypackageweighed、Pauldoesn'thavetobemadetolearn、3)helphelpsbdohelpsbtodohelpdohelptodo四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expectallowsbtodo,causesbtodo,permitsbtodo,enablesbtodoforcesbtodo、bemorelikelytodolovetodowarnsbtodobeabletodobeambitioustodo、begintodo、starttodoWeagreed_______here,butsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.(NMET1995)(Key:C)五)有的时候to后面要接-ustom(oneself)to;ustomedto;faceupto;inadditionto;lookforwardto;objectto;bereducedto;resignoneselfto;beresignedto;resortto;sinkto;beusedto;bealternativeto;beclose/closenessto;bededication/dedicatedto;beopposition/opposedto;besimilarity/similarto、三、need/want后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中,want不太常用。H