中考英语短文填空解题技巧.doc

短文填空解题技巧(适合陕西学生)一、解题基本步骤(一)判断所给词性,进行归类。(二)复读短文,判断此空所填词性。(三)确定所填词位置的句子语义,选择最恰当的即可内容:上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章。语法:语法结构是否正确无误。句子的类型1、句子按其结构可分为以下几种类型。(一)简单句,由一个主语(并列主语)和一个谓语(并列谓语)构成的句子。(一)并列句,由并列连词(and,so,but,or等)把两个以上的简单句连一起而构成的句子。(一)复合句,由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。2、简单句的五种基本类型。(一)主语+谓语(S+V),eg:Weexercise(不及物动词)。(二)主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O),eg:Ilikebananas。(三)主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P),eg:Theyarestudents。(四)主语+谓语+双宾(S+V+IO+DO),eg:Shegivemeapen。(五)主语+谓语+宾+宾补(S+V+O+OC),eg:Hemadetheboylaugh。3、判断一个句子的成分(一)主干先行,废话后置(比较复杂的定语和状语)。(二)主语为从句子开头的第一个名词或者代词,谓语为主句中的动词,宾语为动词后的名词或者代词。三、考察知识点(一)形容词:考察比较级,形容词和副词相互转化。,as形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下:(1)一般直接+er。如:tall-taller,fast-faster单音节词如果以-e结尾,只加-r。如:late-later(2)重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写这个字母,再加-er。如:big-bigger,fat-fatter(3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er。如:heavy-heavier,early-earlier(4)双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如:beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-morecareful,quietly-morequietly,interesting-moreinteresting有些不规则变化的,须逐一加以记忆。如:good/well–better,bad/ill–worse,many/much–more,far–farther/further,old–older/elder…形容词和副词相互转化(1).普通的+ly:如quick—quickly;slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly(2)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i后再加ly:easy-easily,happy-happily,busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily;heavy-heavily;(3)一个l结尾的还加ly:careful-carefully;beautiful-beatifully,;real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;hopeful-hopefully(4)两个l结尾的只加y:full-fully(5)普通以e结尾的+ly:late-lately;accurate—accurately,grave-gravely;polite-politely;immediate-immediately,extreme--extremely;nice-nicely;wide-widely;close—closely;unfortunate—unfortunately;wise-wisely;rarely;relatively;pletely;rude-rudely(6).以le结尾的去e加y:如possible-possibly;probable-probably,terrible-terribly,gentle-gently,sensible-sensibly;simple-simply;considerable-considerably;terrible-fortably;gentle-gently;possible-possibly;probable-probably;incredible-incredibly(7).以元音字母+e结尾的去e+ly:true-truly,(8).以ic结尾的词,加ally,如:economic-economically;basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;automatic-automatically;energetic-energetically需注意:friendly;motherly;lovely,likely,等词是形容词而非副词。(二)名词:考察单复数,