Restoration of Degraded Tropical Forest Landscapes：热带退化森林景观恢复.pdf

Restoration of Degraded Tropical Forest Landscapes David Lamb, 1 *Peter D. Erskine, 1John A. Parrotta 2 The current scale of deforestation in tropical regions and the large areas of degraded lands now present underscore the urgent need for interventions to restore biodiversity, ecological functioning, and the supply of goods and ecological services previously used by poor munities. Traditional timber plantations have supplied some goods but have made only minor contributions to fulfilling most of these other objectives. New approaches to reforestation are now emerging, with potential for both ing forest degradation and addressing rural poverty. O ne of the defining events of the past century was the astonishingly rapid decline in the extent of tropical forests. An estimated 350 million hectares have been deforested, and another 500 million hectares of secondary and primary tropical forests have been degraded ( 1). The damaging consequences of this include the loss of ecological services (such as biodiversity and watershed protection), the loss of many goods (such as timber and nontimber forest products), and the loss of means of existence for forest- dwelling people. These losses have fallen par- ticularly heavily on the rural poor in tropical countries, where the livelihoods of at least 300 million people nowdepend upon these degraded or secondary forests ( 1 ). Until recently