专四 完形填空真题汇总.doc

完形填空汇总讲解
A cloze test (also cloze deletion test) is an exercise, test, or assessment consisting of a portion of text with certain words removed, where the participant is asked to replace the missing words. Cloze tests require the ability to understand context and vocabulary in order to identify the correct words or type of words that belong in the deleted passages of a text. This exercise is commonly administered for the assessment of native and second language learning and instruction.
The word cloze derives from closure in Gestalt theory. The exercise was first described by . Taylor in 1953.
Task Design
Words may be deleted from the text in question either mechanically (every nth word) or selectively, depending on exactly what aspect it is intended to test for. The methodology is the subject of an extensive academic literature; nonetheless, teachers commonly devise ad hoc 特设的tests.
Example
A language teacher may give the following passage to students:
Today, I went to the ________ and bought some milk and eggs. I knew it was going to rain, but I forgot to take my ________, and ended up getting wet on the way ________.
Students would then be required to fill in the blanks with words that would best complete the passage. Context in language and content terms is essential in most, if not all, cloze tests. The first blank is preceded by "the"; therefore, a noun, an adjective or an adverb must follow. However, a conjunction follows the blank; the sentence would not be grammatically correct if anything other than a noun were in the blank. The words "milk and eggs" is important for deciding which noun to put in the blank; "supermarket" is a possible answer; depending on the student, however, the first blank could either be
store, supermarket, shop or market while umbrella or raincoat fits the second. And home for the third blank.
Assessment
The definition of success in a given cloze test varies, depending on the bro