动词不定式的使用方法口诀 动词不定式
动词不定式是由“to+do”组成的,其中to称为不定式符号,其后的动词可带有宾语,状语等。动词不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等,不定式的使用方法不仅是一个主要的语法项目,同时也是各类考试题中的考查热点。现将其各类使用方法归纳讲析以下:
一、动词不定式的多种形式
1、动词不定式的否定形式:由“not+to do”组成。如:Tell him not to shut the window。
2、动词不定式的被动形式:由“to be+done”组成。如:Little Jim should love t0 be taken to the theatre thisevening。
3、动词不定式的进行时形式:由“to be+doing”组成。如:
When I came in,he pretended to be reading。
4、动词不定式的完成形式:由“to have+done”组成。如:
I would love to have gone to the party last night buiI had to work extra hours to finish a report。
二、动词不定式的功用
1、作主语。不定式作主语通常在句首,谓语用单数。如:
To learn a foreign language is difficult。
为了平衡句子,通常把不定式作主语改为it作形式主语,即:It"s+n./adj.+for./of ab.+to :
Is it necessary to complete the design beforeNational Day?
2、作表语。不定式常见在系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语。如:
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the oldcouple,but it remains to be seen whether they willenjoy it。
3、作宾语。
能直接接不定式做宾语的动词有:offer learn pianpromise,agree,prepare,decide,refuse,manage,demand,pretend等。如:
We agree to meet here,but so far she hasn’tturned up yet。
不定式作介词宾语。介词except/but以后接不定式时,假如介词前有动词do,那么不定式不带to。如:
She has no choice except to wait for the news。
The man can do everything but speak French。
有些动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词,但含义不一样。如:go on doing sth,继续做同一件事,go on todo sth,接着干另外一件事;stop doing sth,停止干某事,stop to do sth.,停下来去干某事;forget doing sth,忘记干了
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