代词指代
一.概述
代词指代的概念:在英语表达中,为避免用词重复和使句子简洁,经常使用一个代词指代前面出现过的名词(先行项)。
代词分为8类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词和相互代词
1.
2. 指示代词:this, those, that, those, one, it
3. 疑问代词:what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever ,whoever, whomever
4. 不定代词:some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither
5. 相互代词:each other,one another
6. 关系代词:关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。
二.记牢四点:
代词与其先行项保持“数”的一致:代词的单复数由其先行项决定,同单同复。
如:Some teenagers adore computer games , so others condemn it as an utter waste time.
2、代词与其先行项要保持“性”的一致:代词的“性别”由其先行项的“性别”决定,同男同女。
如:When Lucy visited the restaurant, he noticed that the menu had changed.
3、代词与其先行项要保持“人称”的一致:代词的人称形式由其先行项的人称形式决定,同我同你同他。
如:Because each year our children spending increasingly more time in front of computer monitors , you need to limit their viewing hours and encourage them to go outdoors and play.
4、注意代词的格
代词的“格”是指代词的主格、宾格和所有格。代词用什么“格”看它指代的先行项在句中是什么成分。
三、代词指代一致必须注意以下几个原则和规律:
1、邻近和靠近原则
在either … or, neither…nor, not only…but (also)中,如果两个先行词在数或性上不一致,人称代词一般与邻近的先行词在数和性上保持一致。
Neither Mary nor Alice has her key with her.
Neither the package nor the letters have reached their destination .
If either David or Janet comes, he or she will want a drink .
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