果蔬第三、四章.ppt

Chapter mercial treatments of postharvest fruits and vegetables
The first section Harvesting
一、aim of harvesting采收目标
(1)timing harvesting
(2)preventing from damnification
二、determination of harvesting maturation
1、changes of color and lustre
2、the full extent and rigidity
3、shape of fruit
4、development period and maturation characteristic
5、renegade extent of peduncle
6、contents of position
The first section Harvesting
三、harvesting methods采收方法
(一) 、manual harvesting人工采收
1、expensive费用高 2、mechanical injuries are 3、harvesting in batches分批采收
具体方法:
(1)harvesting with scissor采果剪采收
(2)harvesting by hand pulling手拖采收
(3)assisted machine harvesting机械辅助采收
(bining of harvesting and packing采收结合包装
(二)mechanical harvesting机械采收
1、wind风吹
2、librating振动
3、spraying abscisin 喷洒脱落剂
The second section Postharvest treatments
Sorting, picking, precooling, medicament treatment, grading, daubing film, packing, radicalization, accelerating maturation, etc.
一、Sorting and picking整理与挑选
二、precooling预冷
1、definition定义
Precooling is a means of removing field heat. The aim is to quickly slow down respiration of the produce, minimize microbial growth, reduce transpiration rate, and ease the load on the cooling system.
2、requirement for precooling预冷要求
3、methods of precooling预冷的方法
a. Air Cooling
b. Hydrocooling
c. Ice-cooling
d. Vacuum Cooling
The second section Postharvest treatments
d. Vacuum Cooling
This is the most rapid method of precooling for leafy vegetables.
三、daubing涂被
waxing :olefin石蜡、turpentine松脂、shell-lac虫胶
The second section Postharvest treatments
四、cicatrizingand dryness愈伤与催汗
1、cicatrizing愈伤:
The hard tissue that develop on or around an injured or cut plant surface or in tissue culture was made from cut part.
2、dryness催汗
五、treatment by antisepticising防腐保鲜处理
1、chemistry method化学保鲜
2、biology method生物保鲜
3、physics method物理保鲜
六、accelerating maturation and removing acerbity 催熟与脱涩
1、accelerating maturation催熟
Principle of accelerating maturation: ①optimal hig