高一英语语法知识点总结
主谓一致
:
主谓一致是指:
1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式和谓语要一致。
2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要和谓语的单复数形式一致。
3) 就近标准,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
通常来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。比如:
There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。比如:
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
,比如:
Reading and writing are very important. 读写很主要。
注意:当主语由and连结时,假如它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。比如:
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有主要意义。
经典例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细分辨,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这么本题主语为一个人,因此应选B。
2. 主谓一致中的靠近标准
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应和最邻近的主语保持一致。比如:
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the ,二十三个女孩。
2)当either or 和neither nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词和最邻近的主语保持一致。假如句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。比如:
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。
当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词和前面的主语部分一致。比如:
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