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伞形科Apiaceae.doc


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伞形科Apiaceae
1-Floral formula
Here is the floral formula for the Apiaceae or Umbelliferae. The flowers may be perfect, but more often they are imperfect, and the plants are then monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous.
The sepals are very tiny in the Apiaceae, the petals are often curved, the 5 stamens within a flower unfold at different times, the style bases enlarge to form the stylopodium that secretes nectar, and the ovary is inferior.
2-Introduction
This family is correctly called either the Apiaceae or the older Umbelliferae. In the modern context, the family includes a group of plants formerly separated as the Araliaceae. Dr. Stephen Downie has done considerable research on the systematics of this family using molecular methods.
Members of the Apiaceae occur worldwide. There are about 460 genera and 4,250 species. Most plants of this family that occur in temperate regions are herbaceous, while those in the tropics are shrubs and trees.
3-Biennial plants
Many members of the Apiaceae in temperate regions are herbaceous plants — annuals, biennials, and perennials. Many species are biennials, like carrots, that produce leaves and an underground root the first year, then flower, set seed, and die during the second year
4-Hollow stems
Most members of the Apiaceae have hollow stems. The stems also have oil tubes that contain fragrant essential oils. This is Anethum graveolens , dill.
5-Leaves
Many members of the Apiaceae have pinnately compound leaves and sheathing leaf bases. The leaves, as well as the stems, also have oil tubes that contain fragrant essential oils. This example is Anethum graveolens, dill.
6-Daucus carota
A common plant along roadsides in Illinois is Queen Anne's Lace, Daucus carota. This is the same species as the cultivated carrot. This species is a biennial, and these are second year plants that are producing flowers
7-Umbel inflorescence

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