11.18.Babies help unlock the origins of morality英文.doc

It's a question people have asked for as long as there have been people: are human beings inherently good? Are we born with a sense of morality or do we arrive blank slates, waiting for the world to teach us right from wrong? Or could it be worse: do we start out nasty, selfish devils, who need our parents, teachers, and religions to whip us into shape?
这是一个自从人类存在以来一直被提及的问题：人生来本善？我们生来就具有道德观亦或是生来如同一张白纸，等待着通过教育来让我们辨别好坏？甚至更糟糕的是：我们生来本恶，私心重，需要我们父母，老师和宗教来对我们对我们进行再“改造”。
The only way to know for sure, of course, is to ask a baby. But until recently, it's been hard to persuade them to open up and share their secrets. Enter the baby lab.
唯一能找到正确答案的方法就是问婴儿，但是知道最近我们才可能找到能让他们敞开心扉说出他们秘密的方法。欢迎进入婴儿实验室。
This is the creature at the center of the greatest philosophical, moral, and religious debates about the nature of man: the human baby. They don't do much, can't talk, can't write, can't expound at length about their moral philosophies. But does that mean they don't have one? The philosopher Rousseau considered babies "perfect idiots...Knowing nothing," and Yale psychologist Karen Wynn, director of the Infant Cognition Center here, the baby lab, says for most of its history, her field agreed.
它正是所有哲学，道德以及宗教争论的重心所在，即人的本性。婴儿没有太多的繁杂的行为，他们不能说，不能写，不能详细的陈述他们的哲学观。但是那意味着他们真是如同我们想的那么简单？哲学家卢梭曾这样形容过婴儿“他们是拥有完美的生物”，耶鲁大学的婴儿认知中心即婴儿实验室主任心理学家Karen Wynn说：在大部分的时间段，她所在的研究领域是认可这种说法的。
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