新概念第一册部分语法及相关练习题.doc

1. 问句：
　　一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句
　　1） 一般疑问句： 助动词/be动词+主语
　　Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?
　　2） 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
　　What is your name?
　　3） 选择疑问句： or
　　Do you want beef or lamb?
　　4） 反意疑问句： 肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分， 否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分
　　You don’t need that pen, do you?
　　5） 否定疑问句： 一般疑问句+否定词
　　Aren’t you lucky? Don’t you want have a rest?
2. 现在完成时
　　1）构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词
　　2）用法：①表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用
　　I have just had lunch. （饱了，不用再吃了）
　　He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）
　　They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了）
　　The boy has already read the book. （已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）
　　②询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：
　 Have you finished your homework?///Have you been to Beijing?///Have he seen the film?
　　③表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作
　　I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.///I have worked for this school for 1 year.
　　④表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情
I have never had a bath.///I have never seen a film.
I have never been to cinema. ///I have ever been to Paris.
　 注：Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了
　　I have been to London.（人已经回来）//////He has gone to London.（人还在那里）
　　⑤表示一种结果， 一般不和时间副词联用
I have lost my pen.///I have hurt myself.
He has become a teacher.///She has broken my heart.
　　3）句型变化：
　　★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.
　　 . Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.
　　★肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, I have. No, I have not.