法律术语.doc

生活是过出来的,不是想出来的。放得下的是曾经, 放不下的是记忆。无论我在哪里, 我离你都只有一转身的距离。法律词汇: “问责制”英语怎么说导读: 广东省今年 5月1 日起将正式实施全国首部省级反走私综合治理法规——《广东省反走私综合治理工作规定》,《规定》明确了广东省内各级政府的反走私综合治理机构为责任主体, 允许沿海反走私重点地区组建巡逻督查专业队伍, 并规范了小额走私、无主货物、非涉税走私物品的处理。请看报道: The new regulation outlines departmental duties, an anti-smuggling assessment and accountability system, whistle-blower rewards and protection, as well as grassroots participation. 新法规划定了各部门的职责, 明确了反走私工作的考核和问责制度,制定了对于举报者的奖励和保护措施以及群众的参与机制。在上面的报道中, accountability system 即“问责制”。这里的问责制指的是 administrative accountability system (行政问责制), 即一级政府对现任该级政府负责人、该级政府所属各工作部门和下级政府主要负责人在所管辖的部门和工作范围内由于故意或者过失以致影响行政秩序和行政效率, 贻误行政工作, 给行政机关造成不良影响和后果的行为, 进行内部监督和责任追究的制度。工厂里面普遍实行的“产品质量和安全责任制”就是 accountability system for product quality and safety. Accountability 是 accountable 的名词形式, accountable 一词有“负有责任的, 应负责任的”的意思。例如: They should be held accountable for their acts. (他们应该对自己的行动负责。) 在政府机关中确立问责制可以避免造成 overlapping responsibilities and powers not being matched by responsibilities ( 职责交叉、权责脱节), 也便于进行 institutional supervision on the exercise of power (行政权力监督) . 就扰民寻求律师帮助的口语会话爱德华: Hello, I'm here for a consultation regarding civil law. 您好,我想咨询一下民法方面的问题。律师: Yes, please. 请讲。爱德华: My neighbors are causing me to lose sleep. They are always singing and dancing late into the night. 我邻居让我根本睡不着觉。他们总是唱歌跳舞到大半夜。律师: Oh, I see. For a case like this, we'll arrange for a lawyer to go visiting your neighbor with you. 哦,明白了。对于这种案子,我们通常会安排个律师去跟您的邻居交涉。爱德华:I spoke to them several times before. I don't think having a lawyer present is going to help. 我和他们都谈过好几次了。我看律师去谈也不会管用的。律师: In that case, we'll contact the police. If they find enough evidence, they'll force your neighbors ply. 这样的话, 我们就只能通知警方了, 如果证据确凿, 警方就能强令他们夜间安静些。爱德华: That's good. I hope I can have some peaceful nights in the future. 好。希望马上就有安静日子过了。美国宪法中的宗教与上帝一、美国宪法第一修正案中的“建立条款”和“自由行使条款”美国宪法第一修正案规定: “国会不得制定建立宗教的法律,或者禁止其自由行使……( Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; )”。一般宪法判例书中都