语法讲解：宾语补足语.doc

语法讲解：宾语补足语
宾补的定义：有些及物动词带了宾语后还需要有一个补足成分才能使句子完整，这个补足成分就叫做宾语补足语。用来说明宾语的行为、特征、状态、身份等。宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。主要有下面几种类型：
1. 名词（或代词）+名词
She found him a very clever boy.
2. 名词（或代词）+形容词
He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting.
3. 名词（或代词）+副词或介词短语
Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister.
To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.
4. 名词（或代词）+分词（分词短语）
I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window.
I was absent-minded when I heard my name called.
注意：
在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：
1）、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop(阻止)等。
She caught her son smoking a cigarette.
His words started me thinking.
2）、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。
eg: Their parents don’t allow him to stay out late. 他父母不允许他在外面呆到很晚。
3）、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等, 例如:
She was seen running away from the scene of the cr