artificial reef effect and fouling impacts on offshore wave power foundations and buoys – a pilot study外文.pdf

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 82 (2009) 426–432
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Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
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Artificial reef effect and fouling impacts on offshore wave power foundations and
buoys – a pilot study
Olivia Langhamer a,*, Dan Wilhelmsson b, Jens Engstro¨m c
a Department of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyva¨gen 18D, S-752 39 Uppsala, Sweden
b Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
c Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, S-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
article info abstract
Article history: Little is known about the effects of offshore energy installations on the marine environment, and further
Received 22 May 2008 research could assist in minimizing environmental risks as well as in enhancing potential positive effects
Accepted 4 February 2009 on the marine environment. While biofouling on marine energy conversion devices on one hand has the
Available online 15 February 2009
potential to be an engineering c