考研资料北京大学细胞生物学基质与内膜上PPT课件.pptx

1. The Compartmentalization in Eukaryotic Cells
Membranes divide the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells into distinct compartments.
Three categories in eukaryotic cells:
(1) the endomembrane system: ER, Golgi complex, Lys.,
secretory vesicles.
(2) the cytosol.
(3) mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and the nucleus.
Membrane-bound structures (organelles) are found in all eukaryotic cells.
第1页/共30页
Cytoplasmic matrix and its functions
Cytoplasmic Matrix: The region of fluid content of the cytoplasm outside of the membranous organelles. Aqueous solution of large and small molecules including filaments of cytoskeleton which act as organizer for some order.
The Cytosol is the site of protein synthesis and degradation or modification. It also performs most of the cell’s intermediary metabolism.
Cytoplasmic matrix (Cytosol) and
Endomembrane System
第2页/共30页
Functions of cytoplasmic matrix:
The protein synthesis, degradation and modification.
Cells carefully monitor the amount of misfolded proteins. An accumulation of misfolded proteins in the cytosol triggers a heat-shock response, which stimulates the transcription of genes encoding cytosolic chaperones that help to refold the proteins.
第3页/共30页
第4页/共30页
B. Endomembrane System
Endomembrane System : The structural and functional relationship organelles including ER,Golgi complex, lysosome, endosomes, secretory vesicles.
Membrane-bound structures (organelles) are found in all eukaryotic cells.
第5页/共30页
Intracellular compartment % of total cell volume
Cytosol 54
Mittchondria 22
Rough ER cisternae 9
Smooth ER cisternae plus Golgi cisternae 6
Nucleus 6