妇产科护理学-母婴护理-护理学-02.ppt

A GLIMPSE AT MATERNITY NURSING in the 21 st CENTURY K. L. Ringgenberg, RNC, MSN, WHNP Shanghai Jiao Tong University SON April 5, 2006 Maternity Nursing in the 21 st Century ? Antepartum Care ? Intrapartum Care ? Technology in OB “ Partum ”? Parturition : birth ? Partum : regarding time period to the birth ? Antepartum : before birth or prenatal ? Intrapartum : during the birth process ? Postpartum : after the birth (usually regarded as the first 30 days) Antepartum Care in the 21 st Century ? Care beginning before the birth ?“ Prenatal ” care History of Antepartum Care ? Prior to 1925, no formal practice of antepartum care. ? 2nd Century-warned against violent movements to prevent ROM, sexual intercourse harmful to pregnancy ? 1513-first published OB text (Germany) ? 1700s-forceps invented, male midwife developed theories for midwives in London ? 1700s into 1800s-births attended by munity in US due to price History- continued ? 20 th Century-at the turn of the century, 50% of births in US conducted by midwives Home to Hospital-History ? 1900 <5% USA babies born in hospital ? 1940 50% ? 1970 99% ? 2005 99% Fast Facts-Maternal ? 1900-maternal death rate 6-9/1000 USA ? 40% of those deaths were due to infection ? 2004-death rate at ~8-9/100,000 USA ? 1989-maternal death rate in China 95/100,000 ? 2004-,000 Fast Facts-Infants ? 1900-30% of infants in USA major cities died before 1 st birthday ? 2000s-infant mortality rate~7/1000 USA ?<1950 ’ s-infant mortality rate 300/1000 China ? 2001-33/1000 in China (reportedly as low as 5/1000 in Beijing and Shanghai) 20 th Century Influences ? High infant & maternal mortality rates ? 1914-coined term “ nurse midwife ”? Today-nurse midwife is defined as a RN with an advanced certification and master ’ s degree in midwifery ? 1925-Children ’ s Bureau in the US mended antepartum care to decrease mortality rates