M3Grammar过去完成时.ppt

The past perfect passive
Grammar 1
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概念：表示过去的过去
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那时以前 那时 现在
其构成：had +过去分词
过去完成时
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用法：
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
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b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。几乎同时发生的时态一样。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
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c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”。
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
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过去完成时的时间状语：
before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
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Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
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被动语态的构成
由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。
过去完成时被动 had + been done
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Choose the correct tense and voice to complete each sentence.
1. After the hurricane, Mary _____(see) that the roof of her house ________________ ( disappear).
2. She ________ (return) home and _________ (find) all her furniture _______________ (ruin) by the flood.
saw
had disappeared
returned
found
had been ruined
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3. Arthur was surprised when he ________ (arrive) home because the tornado _________ (take) the feathers off his chickens.
arrived
had taken
4. We ________(leave) the house when the thunderstorm _____________ ( finish).
left
had finished
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