计算机专业英语 chapter2.ppt

Computer English
Chapter 2 Basic Organization of Computers
1
编辑课件
Key points:  useful terms and basic organization of computersDifficult points:  describing the basic organization of computers
2
编辑课件
Requirements:
Terms of computer hardware
Basic Organization of computers and their functions
掌握专业词汇的构成规律，特别是常用词缀及复合词的构成
3
编辑课件
New Words & Expressions:
subsystem n. 子系统 operation n. 操作，运算，执行命令(计)
microprocessor n.[计]微处理器 ystem buses 系统总线
sequence , 序列 fetch vt. 取数，取指令
decode , 译解 instruction n. 指令
Introduction
Abbreviations:
CPU(Central Processing Unit) 中央处理器
I/O(Input/Output) 输入输出(设备)
4
编辑课件
-1 Generic computer organization
Introduction
5
编辑课件
Most computer systems, from the embedded controllers found in automobiles and consumer appliances to personal computers and mainframes, have the same basic organization. This organization has three main components: the CPU, the memory subsystem, and the I/O subsystem. The generic organization of these components is shown in Figure 2-1.
大多数计算机系统，从汽车和日用电器中的嵌入式控制器到个人计算机和大型主机，都具有相同的基本组成。其基本组成包括三个主要部件：CPU、存储器子系统和I/O子系统。这些部件的一般组成如图2-1所示。
Introduction
6
编辑课件
Introduction
In this chapter, we first describe the system buses used to connect the components in the computer system. Then we examine the instruction cycle, the sequence of operations that occurs within the computer as it fetches, decodes, and executes an instruction.
本章我们首先讲述计算机系统中用来连接计算机各部件的系统总线。然后再来考察指令周期，以及计算机在读取、解码和执行一条指令时所发生的操作顺序。
7
编辑课件
New Words & Expressions:
pins , 管脚 address bus 地址总线
uppermost ； control bus 控制总线
data bus 数据总线 via , 通过, 经由
multibit 多位 bidirectional 双向的
unidirectional 单向的 hierarchy ，层级
I/O bus 输入输出总线 local bus n. 局域总线
System Buses
8
编辑课件
Physically, a bus is a set of wires. The components of the computer are connected to the buses. To send information from one component to anoth