Project: Vehicle aerodynamics
Aerodynamic analysis involving moving parts with XFlow
This report presents some of the possibilities of XFlow 2011, specifically those related
to the aerodynamic analysis of moving parts. Using traditional Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD) software, this kind of problems require time consuming remeshing
processes, which often lead to errors or divergence of the simulation. Due to the
particle-based fully Lagrangian approach of XFlow, moving parts such as a vehicle with
suspension system or the forced rotation of the wheels can be easily handled, namely
the only parameters required as input are the physical and mechanical properties of the
objects. Furthermore, full vehicle models can be directly used in the simulation, and
thus the complexity of the surfaces is not a limiting factor.
1: Introduction
The development of vehicle aerodynamics based on a combination of virtual and
physical methods has become an integral part of the design process. When aerodynamic
forces are calculated, the change of ride height due to lift forces acting on the vehicle is
often neglected. This approach might be applicable for “standard cars”, but may lead to
misleading results for sports and race cars, where large downforce values change ride
heights substantially (Drage and Riedler, 2009). Using the software presented here, it is
possible to simulate the vehicle full (6 DOFs) movement according to the aerodynamic
forces.
2: Numerical Methodology
In the literature there are several particle-based numerical approaches to solve the
computational fluid dynamics. They can be classified in three main categories:
Algorithms modelling the behaviour of the fluid at microscopic scale (. Direct
Simulation Montecarlo); algorithms which solve the equations at a macroscopic level,
such as Smoothed Particle Hyd
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