工艺流程分析教材(PPT 41页).ppt

第二篇 运作系统(xìtǒng)的设计
第三章 工艺流程分析(fēnxī)
工艺流程的基本概念
工艺流程的类型
工艺流程的绩效衡量指标
工艺流程的分析(fēnxī)
工艺流程的改进
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How Important is It?
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Case
McDonald VS Chinese Food
Las Vegas Slot Machine:
Mechanical VS Electronic
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工艺流程的定义(dìngyì)及描述
工艺流程（Process） 是指能够把一定投入变换成一定产出的一系列任务（即工序），这些(zhèxiē)任务由物流和信息流有机地连接在一起
流程图（Flowchart）是分析流程的一个理想的工具
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Flowchart Symbols
Tasks or operations
Examples: Giving an admission ticket to a customer, installing a engine in a car, etc.
Decision Points
Examples: How much change should be given to a customer, which wrench should be used, etc.
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Flowchart Symbols (Continued)
Storage areas or queues
Examples: Sheds, lines of people waiting for a service, etc.
Flows of materials or customers
Examples: Customers moving to the a seat, mechanic getting a tool, etc.
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Example: Flowchart of Student Going to School
Yes
No
Stay at home
Go to school today?
Walk to class
Drive to school
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多步工艺(gōngyì)（Multistage Process）
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
阻塞(zǔsè)Blocking occurs when the activities in a stage must stop because there is no place to deposit the item just completed.
挨饿Starving occurs when the activities in a stage must stop because there is no work.
瓶颈Bottleneck is a resource that limits the capacity or maximum output of the process.
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具有缓冲(huǎnchōng)的多步工艺（Multistage Process with Buffer）
Stage 1
Stage 2
Buffer
Buffer allows stages to operate independently.
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