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英汉句子比较与翻译.ppt


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英汉句子比较与翻译英汉句子结构比较?英语重形合( hypotaxis) ,汉语重意合( parataxis) ?形合主要靠语言本身语法手段(形式手段), 意合主要靠句子内部逻辑联系?比喻: ?英语句子:一棵参天大树,一串葡萄,一串珍珠,一树荔枝?汉语句子:一根竹子,一盘珠子,一江波涛?奈达《译意》 Translating meaning: ?就汉语和英语而言,也许在语言学中最重要的一个区别就是形合与意合的对比(contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis) ?英语注重显性衔接( overt cohesion ),汉语注重隐性连贯( covert coherence) ?傅雷:东方人与西方人的思维方式有基本分歧, 我人重综合,重归纳,重暗示,重含蓄;西方人则重分析,细微曲折,挖掘唯恐不尽,描写唯恐不周。?汉语学家王力:西洋语法是硬的,没有弹性; 中国语法是软的,富有弹性。……所以中国语法以达意为主。英国人写文章往往化零为整, 而中国人写文章却往往化整为零。?例句: ?由于距离远,又缺乏交通工具,使农村社会与外界隔绝, 而这种隔绝,又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。? Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has e more serious because there are not enough information media. ? The isolation of the rural world, because of distance and lack of transport facilities, pounded by the paucity of the information media. ?英语句子中,名词与介词占优势?主谓机制:抓住了谓语动词就抓住了英语句子的灵魂。?名词与名词之间的联系要借介词来串通? Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single- storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn. (7个介词) ?卡莱尔大街往西伸展, 越过一座黑色大桥, 爬下山岗又爬上去, 经过许多小铺和肉市,又经过一些平房,然后突然朝着一大片绿色草地中止了。? Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own countries. ?农民缺乏训练,许多农场生产率很低,这就使得大多数农民处于贫穷的境地。?汉语句子中,动词占优势?《红楼梦》:晴雯先接出来,笑道:“好啊, 叫我研了墨,早起高兴,只写了三个字, 扔下笔就走了, 哄我等了这一天,快来给我写完了这些墨才算呢! ”? Qing-wen greeted him with a smile, exclaiming, “ Afine one you are! On the spur of the moment you bade me grind ink for you this morning. But you threw down your brush and went away after having written merely three characters. You ’ ve made me waiting for you the whole day. You are to use up this ink now. Be quick! ”?英汉句子重心的差异? We believe that it is right and necessary that people with different political and social systems should live side by side — not just in a passive way but as

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