枪声定位系统的设计与实现.pdf

摘 要
在现代战争中，狙击手以其诡秘的行踪和高效的杀伤效率威胁着士兵的生命，反
狙击手探测系统能够帮助士兵对狙击手快速定位并进行反击，对保障士兵生命和军队
信息化建设具有重要意义。
本文以狙击手探测系统的研制为背景，设计实现了一种可以探测射击者位置的枪
声定位系统。首先，对超音速弹丸击发时产生的弹丸激波和膛口波的物理现象作了分
析，构建了***武器射击后的激波和膛口波传播模型，并以此设计了目标测距算法。
本文研究了空间任意四元阵的测向原理，为 DSP 实现测向提供理论基础。论文设计的
枪声定位系统是基于正四面体阵列，采用 TMS320F28335 作为信号处理芯片，其整个
硬件平台放置在传声器阵列的基座里，具有体积小，重量轻，移动方便等特点。硬件
平台由信号调理和信号处理两部分构成。传声器的输出信号经四路调理电路的放大滤
波处理后，送入 A/D 转换器，实现模拟信号到数字信号的转换；信号处理平台进行枪
声事件检测、信号识别、时延估计和定位解算，并将结果发送到移动显示平台。
本文着重论述了硬件平台和软件算法的设计与实现，并在第五章中对系统做了整
体测试。当声源距传声器阵列 300 米时，测量结果显示方位角均方差在 3°以内，证
明定位系统拥有良好的方位测向可重复性，说明系统硬件平台稳定可靠，定位算法合
理可行。

关键词：被动声定位；狙击手；DSP；激波；时延估计
ABSTRACT
Sniper is a serious threat to the lives of soldiers for its secretive whereabouts and
efficient destruction efficiency In modern wars. Anti-sniper detection system can help
soldiers to lacate sniper quickly and to fight back, which is important to protecting the lives
of soldiers and enhancing military information construction.
In this paper,we design a gunshot location system at the background of the sniper
detection. First, the physical phenomena of shock wave and muzzle wave is analyzed. A
target location algorithm is designed based on the propagation model of the two kinds of
four elements spatial array is used to estimate the source location. The gunshot
location system is based on tetrahedral array, using TMS320F28335 as a signal processor,
with the hardware platform placed in the base of the microphone array. The device has the
advantage of small size, light weight, easy to move and so on. The hardware platform
consists of signal conditioning and signal processing board. Microphone signal is amplified
and filted by conditioning board and converted to digital signal by A/D. The signal
processing board completes the task of gunfire detection, signal recognition, time-delay
estimation and solution l