英语语言学笔记.doc

第一章
Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics
Teaching aims：let the students have the general idea about language and linguistics.
Teaching difficulties：design features of language ；some important distinctions in linguistics
Teaching procedures
language
Why study language?为什么学****语言
A tool for communication交流工具
An integral part of our life and humanity 人类生活和人性中不可或缺一某些.
If we are not fully aware of the nature and mechanism of our language，we will be ignorant of what constitutes our essential ,咱们就会对人类本质一无所知.
What is language?什么是语言
different senses of language 语言不批准义
1. what a person says( concrete act of speech)
a person’s consistent way of speaking or writing
a particular level of speaking or writing . colloquial language
an abstract system
2. A webster’s New Dictionrary offers a frequently used sense of the word “language”:
a. human speech 人类言语
b. the ability to communicate by this means 通过言语来交流能力
c. a system of vocal sounds and combinations of such sounds to which meaning is attributed，used for the expression or communication of thoughts and feelings；用来表达或交流思想和感觉一套声音及这些声音互相结合系统
d. the written representation of such a system 系统文字表达
3. the barest of definition，language is a means of verbal :语言是言语交流一种方式.
Language is instrumental in that communicating by speaking or writing is a purposeful act. It is social and conventional in that language is a social semiostic and communication can only take place effectively if all the users share a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cues，motivation，and socio-cultural roles. Language distinguishes us from ,因此语言是实用性;由于语言是社会符号,语言交流只能在所有参加者广泛理解了人类那些非言语暗示,动机,社会文化角色等等互有关联因素之后才干有效进行,因而语言又是社会,.
definitions
Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
What is communication?
A process in which information is transmitted from a source (sender or spe