上海海事大学信息工程学院.ppt

上海海事大学信息工程学院.ppt上海海事大学信息工程学院 Practice of abstract reading, translation and writing ? Abstract reading and translation ? Abstract writing 上海海事大学信息工程学院 Abstract reading and translation ? Eg1: What Will 5G Be? ? What will 5G be? What it will not be is an incremental advance on 4G. The previous four generations of cellular technology have each been a major paradigm shift that has broken patibility. Indeed, 5G will need to be a paradigm shift that includes very high carrier frequencies with massive bandwidths, extreme base station and device densities, and unprecedented numbers of antennas. However, unlike the previous four generations, it will also be highly integrative: tying any new 5G air interface and spectrum together with LTE and WiFi to provide universal high-rate coverage and a seamless user experience. 上海海事大学信息工程学院 Abstract reading and translation ? Eg1: What Will 5G Be? (continued) ? To support this, the work will also have to reach unprecedented levels of flexibility and intelligence, spectrum regulation will need to be rethought and improved, and energy and cost efficiencies will e even more critical considerations. This paper discusses all of these topics, identifying key challenges for future research and preliminary 5G standardization activities, while providing prehensive overview of the current literature, and in particular of the papers appearing in this special issue. 上海海事大学信息工程学院 Abstract reading and translation ? Eg1(ref): What Will 5G Be? ? Words: ? Incremental ? cellular technology ? Paradigm ? compatibility 上海海事大学信息工程学院 Abstract reading and translation ? Eg2: Circuit Topologies, Modeling, Control Schemes, and Applications of Modular Multilevel Converters ? Modular multilevel converters have several attractive features such as a modular structure, the capability of transformer-less operation, easy scalability in terms of voltage and current, low expense for redundancy and fault tolerant operation, high availability, utilization o